Additional file 1 of The effects of a mitochondrial targeted peptide (elamipretide/SS31) on BAX recruitment and activation during apoptosis

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Elamipretide stimulates a more rapid increase in mitochondrial volume. Mitochondria were identified in ARPE-19 cells nucleofected with a plasmid carrying a mitoBFP fusion protein. Nucelofected cells were plated in chamber slides, allowed to incubate for 24 h and then imaged for another 20 h. (A) Confocal image of a cell imaged at 1 h and then again at 7 h (B) after exposure to 1 µM elamipretide. Only the BFP channel is shown. Over time, mitochondria appear more filamentous and elongated. Size bar = 10 µm. (C) Quantification of average mitochondrial volumes of cells taken from both time-lapse and static images. The scatterplot shows data collected from individual cells at each time point (mean ± SD also indicated). Mitochondrial volume was measured in 3D reconstructions of confocal images using Imaris 9.2 imaging software. Elamipretide treated cells exhibit significantly greater mitochondrial volumes at 4 and 7 h after exposure to the peptide (*P = 0.005 and **P = 0.002, respectively). By 20 h, both treatment groups exhibit similarly larger mitochondria (P = 0.207)