pone.0297980.g003.tif (261.34 kB)
Absorption capacity (mean ± SE) of cinnamon, citronella and clove essential oils by argon plasma-treated cardboard pieces at different gas flow rate and duration of treatment (n = 3/treatment group).
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posted on 2024-02-08, 18:28 authored by Thummanoon Boonmee, Chainarong Sinpoo, Laedlugkana Wongthaveethong, Terd Disayathanoowat, Pradoong Suanpoot, Jeffery S. Pettis, Veeranan ChaimaneeDifferent letters indicate statistically significant differences (ANOVA, Tukey-HSD; p < 0.05).
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several acaricide productsserious widespread pestformic acid 65div >< puntreated cardboard pieceapis mellifera 70 ± 047 ± 023 ± 02175 ± 0treated cardboard piecegas flow rateinclude essential oilsessential oils absorbedvarroa destructor treated cardboard piecesmanaged honeybees (<cardboard piece surfacecardboard piece showednd argon plasma treatmentshigher absorption capacityclove oil inducedpressure plasma treatmentshighest evaporation ratecardboard piecesessential oilsvarroa honeybees (<pressure plasmarelease rateinfestation rateabsorption capacityclove oiltreated coloniessignificantly enhancedsignificantly affectedsignificant differentrelease ratesmites followedmite infestationhighest efficiencyevaporation ratesectoparasitic mitedramatically increaseddevelop long35 days0148 μl
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