Optimal phenotypic responses to ocean acidification (<i>k</i> = β).

<p>Responses of optimal life history to the increase in acidification-sensitive parameters when <i>k</i> = β, <i>g</i>(<i>t</i>) = <i>P</i>/<i>C</i>(<i>t</i>)<i>^q</i>, and <i>q</i> = 2 (1−<i>k</i>). Zero denotes no change, ↑ an increase in the optimal value, and ↓ a decrease. Abbreviations: <i>T</i>, generation time; δ, proportion coefficient; <i>u</i>, resource allocation rate; <i>V</i>(<i>T</i>), coccosphere volume; <i>C</i>(<i>T</i>), coccolith volume; <i>L</i>(<i>T</i>), survival probability to binary fission; <i>r</i>, intrinsic rate of population increase. Asterisks indicate optimized variables.</p>