Characteristics of the mothers and their newborn, depending on their country of origin.

^a Standard Deviation.

^b % Valid when missing.

^c Insufficient Oral Spanish language skill.

^d Insufficient Reading Spanish skills.

^e Insufficient Writing Spanish skills.

^f Referral to social worker because of Social Risk factor detection.

^g Prenatal care as assessed by KI: Adequate: first consultation before week 14 and at least 9 consultations during gestation. Inadequate: start of care after week 28, or less than 4 consultations during gestation. Intermediate: the other combinations.

^h Prenatal care as assessed by OI: Adequate: all 7 indicators of the Spanish Health Service pregnancy care protocol met. Inadequate: ≥4 indicators unmet. Intermediate: 1–3 indicators unmet.

*p ≥ 0.01 - < 0.05

** p ≥ 0.001 - < 0.01

*** p < 0.001

Cantabria (Spain): African immigrants and Spanish women 2007–2010.