Table_1_Using head-mounted eye trackers to explore children’s color preferences and perceptions of toys with different color gradients.DOCX

This study investigated how color gradients affect the attraction and visual comfort of children aged 4 to 7 years. We analyzed 108 eye-tracking datasets, including the color attraction index (COI), visual comfort index (PUI), and saccade rate (SR). The findings revealed that children are more attracted to colors as saturation decreases and brightness increases within a specific range. Beyond this range, reduced saturation diminishes color appeal. Moderate brightness and contrast enhance visual comfort during play, while extremely low contrast hinders concentration. Warm colors (red, orange, and yellow) slightly dominate preferences; however, the roles of hue, saturation, and brightness in children’s color preferences remain inconclusive. These insights have practical implications for age-appropriate toy design and marketing. Future research should explore age-specific color preferences for more targeted design strategies.