Supplementary Information-Appendices (Students’ Engagement with ChatGPT).docx

The mixed-method multiple case study investigated four design major students over an eight-week period. The study investigated students’ behavioral, cognitive, and emotional engagement when using ChatGPT for ADIF. Considering ChatGPT’s conversational and generative mechanisms, the study collected engagement data from multiple perspectives: revision behaviors, application of cognitive strategies, and emotional responses to feedback.