Supplementary Files A-B-C Angelo et al CG

Supplementary Material A

Additional information for the “3.Sampling and analytical methods” section and supplementary figures (SM1 to SM7)

Figure SM1. Representative hand specimen photographs of the mantle-hosted granitoids from the Samail ophiolite.

Figure SM2. Representative sample photomicrographs of the Samail mantle-hosted granitoids.

Figure SM3. Cathodoluminescence (CL) and Backscattered electron (BSE) images of representative zircon.

Figure SM4. REE patterns of zircon trace elements from Samail mantle-hosted granitoids and Himalaya leucogranitoids.

Figure SM5. BSE images of muscovite crystals analyzed in this study.

Figure SM6. MgO-TiO₂-Na₂O ternary diagram showing distribution of muscovite from Samail mantle-hosted granitoids analyzed in this study.

Figure SM7. δ²H values for muscovite and average δ¹⁸O values from quartz, zircon and whole-rock shown as frequency histograms of same samples showing values akin to metamorphic waters.

Supplementary Material B

Table SM1a. Whole-rock Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes using MC-ICP-MS

Table SM1b. Zircon Hf data from Samail MHG.

Table SM1c. Zircon δ18O data and standard readings during sessions in EIMF and CMCA.

Table SM1d. New oxygen isotope data collected at Queen's Facility for Isotope Research from quartz crystals from Samail mantle-hosted granitoids

Table SM1e. A) U-Pb age (Ma) and trace element data (in ppm) for zircons from Samail mantle-hosted granitoids and Himalayan granitoids (rims). B) U-Pb age and trace element data (in ppm) for zircon reference materials.

Table SM1f. A) Lithium isotopes of the selected Samail MHG muscovite crystals. B) Mean weight percent (wt%) of oxides SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Na2O, MgO obtained from LA-ICP-MS and all data. C) Backscatter images obtained from selected muscovite crystals with laser ablation locations.

Table SM1g. A) Mean weight percent (wt%) of oxides SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Na2O, MgO obtained from LA-ICP-MS and all data. B) Backscatter images obtained from selected muscovite crystals with laser ablation locations.

Table SM1h. Hydrogen isotopes data for selected Samail MHG muscovite crystals. A) Summary of data. B) Full data with standards.

Table SM1i. Samples from the Samail mantle-hosted granitoids and Himalayan leucogranites and pegmatites analyzed in this study.

Supplementary Material C

Table SM2a. Compilation of coupled O and Hf isotopes in detrital and igneous rocks used in this study. References included.

Table SM2b. Compilation of oxygen isotopes for Fe-Mn sediments. Marine Fe-Mn precipitates, hydrothermal marine, and hydrothermal-hydrogenetic marine from Knaack et al. (2023) and hydrogenetic marine from Sutherland et al. (2020).

Table SM2c. Compilation of major, minor and trace element compositions from Fe-Mn sediments. Knaack et al. (2023) and references therein.

Table SM2d. Zircon trace element compilation for calculating Molar REE+Y, log(Ce/U), log(Th/U) and U/Ce of Himalayan S-type granitoids, Fe-Mn sediments, Iceland MOR, Samail mantle-hosted granitoids, Samail crust-hosted granitoids and metapelite. Part of compilation was done by Roberts et al. (2024). Compilation also includes data produced for this study.

Table SM2e. Nd and Hf isotopes compilation from Pang et al. 2020 for Fe-Mn and marine sediments.

Table SM2f. Sr and Pb isotope ratios compilation done by Li et al. (2023) and references therein.

Table SM2g. Compilation of δ7Li values for this study, including marine sediments and Fe-Mn sediments.

TableSM2h. Compilation (new and literature) of isotopic and elemental composition of Samail MHG used in this study.