Buffalo digestive tract metagenome MAGs

水牛是亚洲重要的牲畜。与其他反刍动物一样，它的消化道 (DT) 是水牛质量和健康的关键，并且与微生物有大量相互作用。在这里，我们对水牛 DT 沿线的微生物生态进行了全面调查，包括三个部分（即四腔胃、肠和直肠）的八个地点。我们收集了 695 个样本，进行了宏基因组测序，并获得了 4,960 个宏基因组组装基因组 (MAG)，其中可以映射约 85% 的原始读数。90.7% 的 MAG 以前在物种水平上未被识别。总体而言，厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门是最丰富的门；它们的比率沿 DT 呈增加趋势，与它们在DT 剖面中的功能一致 . We identified known interactions between microbes and DT sites including the enrichment of fiber-digesting and methane-producing microbes in the four-chambered stomach. Strikingly, archaea were highly abundant in both four-chambered stomach and intestine, and showed positive correlations with Fibrobacter, indicating their roles in methane-production and fiber-degradation at both sections. We annotated 5,862,748 non-redundant proteins from the MAGs, many of which also showed different abundances and were related to site-specific functions. By comparing with the rumen microbiota of cattle, we found higher abundances of microbes in fiber degradation and but lower in methane production. Our catalog of microbial genomes and encoded proteins provides insight into their functions and interactions with distinct DT sites, and paves the way to microbial interventions for better buffalo quality.