This data relates to a case study of a male Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) with atypical cognitive and physical development. Daily keeper records from 1999 to 2022 were scrutinised to identify the subject's physical and cognitive developmental milestones, which were then compared with expected rates of development for wild and captive orangutans. In addition, nine sessions of experimental research were conducted to tailor a probe feeder enrichment device to an appropriate difficult level for the subject. The dataset contains two files: relevant extracts from the keeper records, and behavioural observations from the experimental research sessions. These are detailed further in the two 'readme' files.