RSPO1 and WNT4 expression in canine embryonic gonads was measured by RNA-seq.

(A) RSP01 and (B) WNT4 expression were lower in XX DSD gonads at risk (filled triangles) compared to those of XX age-matched controls (open triangles) at d37-39 and d42-44. Neither RSP01 nor WNT4 expression in XX DSD gonads at risk or those of XX age-matched controls was as low as those of XY littermate controls (filled inverted triangles) or XY age-matched controls (open inverted triangles). Each open circle represents RNA from one embryonic gonad pair, except for d34, which represents RNA from a gonad pool. Differential expression was statistically tested for XX DSD gonads compared to XX controls at d37-39 and d42-44 (* p-value<0.005; ** p-value ≤ 0.00005). FPKM is Fragments Per Kilobase of transcript per Million mapped reads.