Swimming training attenuated isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac fibrosis in AMPKα2^+/+ mice.

(A) Representative micrographs of Sirius red-stained sections of the left ventricle (LV) (bar = 400 μm). (B) Quantification of mean cardiac interstitial collagen content from Sirius red-stained sections (n = 8~13). RT-PCR analysis of mRNA expression of collagen I (C), collagen III (D), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) (E) normalized to that of GAPDH (all n = 4). ^*P<0.05, ^**P<0.01, ^***P<0.001 sedentary (sed)+ISO vs. sed+vehicle; ^#P<0.05, ^##P<0.01, ^###P<0.001 swim+ISO vs. sed+ISO. Data are mean±SEM.