The nDNA and mtDNA genes are normalized to GAPDH in FRDA patients compared to controls. The expression levels of four selected nDNA (NDUFA5 and NDUFB10) and mtDNA (ND1 and ND5) genes were normalized to B-ACT as a housekeeping gene in order to confirm the consistency of the result to those observed with GAPDH for quantitative gene expression analysis (P>0.05).
Statistical significance is expressed as *P<0.05 vs controls.