Scheme of cerebral multifrequency MRE.

a: The MRI scanner is combined with a device for acoustical head stimulations comprising: 1) a signal generator that produces a multifrequency signal composed from four harmonic frequencies of 25, 37.5, 50 and 62.5 Hz; 2) a loudspeaker for generating acoustic vibrations; 3) an extended piston that transfers the vibrations into the scanner and 4) a head cradle for stimulating head vibrations mainly along the head-feet direction. b: A single-shot echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence is sensitized to harmonic motions by a 60-Hz sinusoidal motion encoding gradient (MEG) of four cycles and directed through-plane. The image planes are positioned in transverse orientation through the brain (parallel to the “anterior and posterior commissure line (AC-PC)”) in a central slab of the brain. The resulting wave images display the motion component along the head-feet direction corresponding to the major vibration direction of the actuator. c: Image processing comprises Fourier decomposition of the superposed oscillations yielding four complex single-frequency wave images, corresponding to the experimentally applied vibration frequencies. Each of the wave images is separately inverted, resulting in four complex-valued shear modulus images, whose values are averaged within a region of interest comprising the parenchyma within the image slice (demarcated in the wave images by white lines).