Schematic representation of the protocol.

The subject, equipped with anti-G trousers, was exposed to +Gz accelerations during two centrifuge runs (total exposure time: 10 min). Arterial blood pressure was recorded by finger photoplethysmography continuously. Echocardiographic measurements were performed before the runs (E1, supine left lateral, E2, sitting with a 32° backrest angle in the centrifuge gondola), immediately after (E3, sitting in the gondola, E4, supine left lateral) and after 60 min of recovery (E5, supine left lateral). N = 10.