Positive and negative NES datasets obtained from four different data resources.

(A) Artificial NES datasets. (B) DUB NES datasets. (C) Valid NES datasets. (D) Sp-protein datasets. The positive and negative datasets (B-P2 and B-N2) of the DUB datasets and the negative training dataset (D-N2) of the Sp-protein datasets were always included in the training data for the profile optimization, whereas the other training datasets were used only when they were not contained in a test dataset to be used. For example, when we conducted the prediction test with the test datasets, A-P1 and A-N1, we used the optimized profiles for NESmapper, that were trained with C-N2, in addition to B-P2, B-N2, and D-N2.