Partial least squares regression (PLSR) for insect species density with the 11 landscape metrics.

(A) Cross-validated root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) curves. (B) Measured species density (standardized) versus values predicted by the PLSR model with four latent components. (C) Regression coefficients (with standard errors) for the PLSR model with four latent components. An asterisk indicates significant variables at p ≤ 0.05 estimated using jack-knife t-test. The abbreviations of landscape metrics are as shown in Table 1. In addition, LogArea, LogProx_AM, LogProx_MN and LogLPI are logarithms to the base 10 of Area, Prox_AM, Prox_MN and LPI, respectively; SqrtConn_5m is square root of Conn_5m.