Parasitoid longevity when fed with gossypol or honeydew from Aphis gossypii.

Longevity (hours ± SE) of (A) female Eretmocerus eremicus (n = 27–30) and (B) female Lysiphlebus testaceipes (n = 28–30) when fed with: Water, 1 M sucrose solution (Suc), 1 M sucrose+1% DMSO (DMSO), or sucrose/DMSO solutions containing different concentrations of gossypol (G1: 0.000001% gossypol; G2: 0.00001%, G3: 0.0001%; G4: 0.001%). Longevity (hours ± SE) of (C) female Eretmocerus eremicus (n = 24–30) and (D) female Lysiphlebus testaceipes (n = 27–30) when fed with: Water, 1 M sucrose solution (Suc), or honeydew from Aphis gossypii that were kept on Bt or non-Bt cotton that were uninfested (Uninf) or infested (Inf) with a Heliothis virescens larva. Within each panel, different letters above bars indicate statistically significant differences (Tukey HSD test, P<0.05). The water control was not included in the statistical analysis.