Mean and standard error for each of the standardized (STD) technical parameters in 51 veal calf farms during 4 pre-study production cycles (ps-c1 to ps-c2) and the 2 study cycles (s-c1 and s-c2), the Netherlands 2009–2012.

For assessing baseline comparability, study arms are also shown during the pre-study period before randomization to any intervention. RAB, farms reducing antimicrobials by protocol; RAB-CD, farms reducing antimicrobials by protocol and applying a cleaning and disinfection program; Control, farms without interventions.