Maternal sEng levels are affected by gravidity, gestational age and malaria infection.

sEng levels measured in peripheral plasma samples from study participants were peripheral blood-smear negative at all study visits, shown as (A) all gravidities together, and (B) split into primigravidae (PG) and multigravidae (MG). (C) Levels of sEng from all study participants split into those with P. falciparum infection detected at one or more antenatal visit or at delivery (Malaria) or blood-smear negative at all study visits (Uninfected). Multi-order polynomial non-linear regression curves with the best fits to the data are depicted to illustrate the effect trends in peripheral sEng levels throughout gestation.