Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) illustrating the DNA/protein interactions between the FA gene promoters and STAT/SMAD.

(A) A positive result (band shift) was observed with all the tested FA genes. Lane 1: control, Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) extract. Lane 2: affirmed interactions. Lane 3: 200-fold molar excess of unlabeled DNA (cold competitor) as the control for specificity. (B) In these control reactions an additional non specific, but labeled oligo (E.coli M13) was added to show that a positive shift was not caused by the addition of any type of DNA (unspecific shift).