Effects of astaxanthin on the regulation of the TNF-α/JNK/p-JNK pathway in mice with ConA-induced acute hepatitis.
(A) The expression of TNF-α and TRAF2 was determined with real-time PCR (n = 8, *P < 0.05 for Oil versus ConA, #P < 0.05 for ConA+Astaxanthin (20) versus ConA, +P < 0.05 for ConA+Astaxanthin (40) versus ConA). (B) The levels of proteins TNF-α, TRAF2, JNK, and p-JNK in liver tissue are shown as western blot bands. (C) The expression of TNF-α and p-JNK in hepatic tissues was determined with immunohistochemistry at 8 h (original magnification, 200) and their IODs changed significantly with astaxanthin treatment (n = 8, *P < 0.05 for ConA+Astaxanthin (20) versus ConA, #P < 0.05 for ConA+Astaxanthin (40) versus ConA). (D) The levels of proteins ERK, p-ERK, P38 MAPK, and p-P38 MAPK in liver tissue are shown as western blot bands. The relative band densities were calculated (n = 3, *P < 0.05 for Oil versus ConA, #P < 0.05 for ConA+Astaxanthin (20) versus ConA, +P < 0.05 for ConA+Astaxanthin (40) versus ConA).