Exponentially growing cells harvested in PBS containing 0.4% glucose were used. Membrane integrity was determined by measuring SYTOX Green uptake after exposure to D13-9001, PAβN, and PMB for 20 min. Fluorescence was determined (Ex/Em: 504/523 nm) after an incubation of 10 min with SYTOX Green in a black 384-well plate with a plate reader.