Comparison of cytokines induced by LPS and R848 in PBMC and in a human WBA.

a – PBMC were incubated in 96 well with increasing concentrations of LPS. After 48 h supernatant was analyzed for TNF-α and IL-6 using ELISA. Results of eight donors are shown as mean +/− SD. b–c – Whole blood anticoagulated either with Heparin, EDTA or Hirudin was incubated in 96 wells with increasing concentrations of LPS and after 48 h supernatant was checked for IL-6 (b), TNF-α (c). Mean of six donors is shown +/− SD. d – Done as described in (a) but R848 was used for stimulation and supernatant was analyzed for IFN-α, TNF-α and IL-6. Mean of eight donors (three for IFN-α) is shown +/− SD. e–g – Done as described for (b) but R848 was used for stimulation and IFN-α (e), TNF-α (f) and IL-6 (g) were measured in supernatant. Results of four (IFN-α) and six donors are shown as mean +/− SD.