Co-stimulation with β-glucans and LPS elicits robust neutrophilic inflammation.

(A) Timeline for challenge with β-glucans (1x10⁷ particles), LPS (100 ng), the combination of both agonists, or PBS alone. (B) Total leukocytes, neutrophils (Gr-1^hi CD11b^hiF4/80^lo), eosinophils (Siglec-F^hiGr-1^loCD11c^lo), inflammatory macrophage/monocytes (F4/80^hiCD11b^hiGr-1^lo) and T cells (CD3^hiCD4^hi) in the BALF of C57BL/6 mice following challenge with the various agonists, as indicated. (C) H&E stained lung sections from wild type (wt), Dectin-1^-/- or TLR-4^-/- mice challenged with PBS or the combination of β-glucan and LPS. Scale bars represent 50 μm. (D) Cytokine levels in the BALF following challenge, as indicated. *p<0.05, n.s., not significant. Shown are the mean ± SEM of pooled data from at least 2 independent experiments (n = 8–10 mice/group).