Characteristics and outcomes of patients who received early diagnosis and treatment during the initial hospital admission, versus those who were diagnosed late (± treatment).

Altogether, 125 patients received ‘late’ treatment and 23 remained undiagnosed before death thus received no anti-TB treatment (see text). Comparisons between those who had received ‘early’ treatment and those who died before TB diagnosis were described in Table S3.

Basis for initiating ‘early’ anti-TB treatment (n = 201): positive-smear 93 (46.3%), positive PCR 8 (4.0%), positive culture 6 (3.0%), histological findings 35 (17.4%), typical clinico-radiological manifestations 59 (29.4%); ‘late’ treatment (n = 125): positive-smear 10 (8.0%), positive PCR 6 (4.8%), positive culture 86 (68.8%), histological findings 12 (9.6%), clinico-radiological manifestations 11 (8.8%).

Received fluoroquinolones prior to the diagnosis of TB. Levofloxacin was used in 15 cases, and ciprofloxacin in 2 cases.