Casein tends to reduce glucose tolerance while chicken tends to cause increased plasma insulin concentration.

A: Blood glucose measured before and at 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after oral administration of glucose (gavage, 2 mg/g body mass) during 6 h fasted oral glucose tolerance test in mice after six weeks on the experimental diets (O-GTT). B: 6 h fasted blood glucose. C: glucose dose administered by oral gavage. D: incremental blood glucose area under the curve (iAUC). E: Plasma lactate. F: Plasma glucose. G: Plasma insulin. E-G: concentrations measured in 4 h fasted plasma collected at the termination of the mice after seven weeks on the experimental diets. H: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) scores. I: Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) scores. H-I: The scores were calculated based on 4 h fasted plasma glucose and insulin levels. Data (Expt. 1) represent group means (n = 7–8) ± SEM analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's pair-wise comparisons. O-GTT curve was analyzed by repeated measurements ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc. Means that do not share a letter are significantly different (P<0.05). ^# indicates significantly higher blood glucose in casein fed than in LF fed mice. * indicates significantly higher blood glucose in casein fed than in cod/scallop fed mice. ¤ indicates significantly higher blood glucose in chicken fed than in LF fed mice.