CQ has no effect on Plasmodium berghei liver-stage numbers invitro.

10,000 P. berghei NK65 sporozoites were allowed to invade HuH7 cells and subsequently cultured in DMEM culture medium (with 10% FCS and 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin) alone or supplemented with 10 µM chloroquine or 10 µM primaquine. Parasites were permitted to develop over 48 hours before being fixed, stained with anti-HSP70 antibody [22] and counted. Numbers of liver stages per well were counted by fluorescent microscopy in duplicates. Error bars represent standard deviation. Statistics calculated by student’s t test. Asterisks signify degrees of significance where *** indicates P<0.001, ** indicates P = <0.01, * indicates P<0.05 and “ns” indicates P>0.05.