CCL5/RANTES mediates T-cell recruitment into the epidermis.

(A) Representative FACS profiles out of two independent experiments, showing epidermal single-cell suspensions derived from inner foreskin explants exposed for 4 h to either medium alone (left), non-infected PBMCs (middle), or HIV-1-infected PBMCs (right). Cells were stained with PE-conjugated anti-human CD3 mAb and numbers represent the percentages of CD3+ cells in the framed windows (determined based on the non-specific staining of a matched isotype control Ab). (B) Inner foreskin explants were exposed for 4 h to either non-infected PBMCs (white bar) or HIV-1-infected PBMCs: alone (black bar); in the presence of 40 µg/ml control goat IgG Ab (dark grey bar); in the presence of 20 or 80 µg/ml neutralizing goat Ab to CCL5/RANTES (light grey bars). Following infection, epidermal single-cell suspensions were prepared and stained for CD3 expression as described above. Shown are mean folds increase±SEM of the percentages of CD3+ cells, normalized against that following exposure to non-infected PBMCs and derived from two independent explants. p = 0.0129 infected vs. non-infected and p = 0.0128 infected+CCL5 Ab 80 µg/ml vs. infected; Student's t-test.