β-Glucan and LPS influence T-cell responses to HDM.

(A) Numbers of CD4⁺ T- cells in the BALF in WT (C57BL6) mice 24 hr post-last challenge with HDM alone or together with LPS and β-glucans as described in Fig 3. (B) Intracellular staining for cytokines in CD3⁺CD4⁺ lymphocytes isolated from the lungs of mice treated as in (A). (C) Proliferation (% division) of 1-Derβ T cells (CD3⁺CD4⁺CD45.1⁺) in the MLN of mice three days after sensitization with HDM alone or HDM plus LPS and β-glucan. (D) GATA3 and RORγt expression in adoptively transferred 1-Derβ specific T cells (CD4⁺CD45.1⁺) in the MLN of mice three days after sensitization with HDM alone or HDM plus LPS and β-glucan. (E) Cytokine concentrations in MLN cell suspensions, isolated from mice three days after sensitisation with HDM alone or HDM plus LPS and β-glucan. MLN cells were restimulated ex vivo with HDM for 3 days. *p<0.05, n.s., not significant. Shown are the mean ± SD from one representative experiment of 2 experiments (n = 4–5 mice/group).