Study by the Laboratory of Microbiology of urinary tract infections in specialized care

Introduction: Adequate empirical treatment should be established for treatment urinary tract infections, considering the prevalence of the most frequent microorganisms in each geographic area and their susceptibility to different antibiotics. The objective was to determine the microorganisms that cause episodes assist in a Regional Hospital, knowing their antibiotic susceptibility to establish empirical treatment.

Methods: A descriptive-retrospective study was carried out based on the results of 12,204 urine cultures of the year 2,018. The overall empirical activity of the antibiotics tested was calculated, differentiating between episodes of the community and of hospitalized patients, adults and children.

Results: E.coli was the most frequently isolated microorganism in all groups. The following in adults were: E.faecalis, K.pneumoniae and yeasts (8%). Regarding children, the following were E.faecalis and P.mirabilis. There was no difference in the activity of antibiotics against E.coli, in adults or in children, of the community or hospitalized, with sensitivity to fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin greater than 96%; at imipenem and piperacillin-tazobactam greater than 94% and third generation cephalosporins greater than 90%. However, the overall empirical activity, without distinction by microorganism, was for fosfomycin 77.96-80.60% in adults and 92.73-94.50% in children; to prevent 77.70-78.74% in adults and 92.36-91.28% in children; for piperacillin-tazobactam of 77.57-80.03% in adults and 89.09-94.04% in children; and for cefotaxime of 53.28-54.76% in adults and 68.73-74.77% in children.

Conclusions: Fosfomycin, piperacillin-tazobactam and imipenem were the best option for empirical treatment without covering all episodes in adults.