Spatiotemporal evolution of Rubieae.

Ancestral areas reconstructed via Bayesian analysis of combined data (sequence data, trait data, biogeographical data) shown on a simplified maximum clade credibility tree (node heights are median ages); reconstructions are shown for all collapsed clades and for nodes that have posterior probability of at least 0.7. Collapsed clades (the same as used in Figs 3–7) are shown as triangles, whose vertical extension is proportional to sample size; the color of the triangles (colors corresponding to those used in the ancestral areas pie charts) indicates the proportion of geographic areas in the distribution of the included taxa. Scale bar is in million years, the duration of geological epochs is indicated. Abbreviations of major clades: A, Asperula Clade; AC, Asperula-Cruciata Clade; AS, Asperula-Sherardia Clade; C, Cymogalia Clade; G, Galiinae Clade; Ga, Galium Clade; K, Kelloggiinae Clade; R, Rubiinae Clade.