Risk of seroconversion increased when multiple coronal sulcus cytokines detected.

IL-8, GM-CSF, MCP-1, MIP3α, IL-1a and RANTES were measured in coronal sulcus swabs taken at the visit immediately prior to seroconversion in men who acquired HIV (n = 60, cases). Cytokines were also measured in time-matched swabs from men who remained persistently seronegative (n = 120, controls). The proportion of men with either no, one, or two or more cytokines detected who were either seroconverters or controls is presented. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of being a seroconverter given two or more cytokines was detected (compared to no cytokines detected) is presented.