Organophosphorus Pesticide in Sapodilla (Manilkara zapota) Fruit

A method based on QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detection was described for the pesticides dichlorvos, disulfoton, ethoprophos, parathion methyl, fenchlorphos, chlorpyrifos, azinphos methyl and prothiofos in sapodilla. For all compounds studies, it was observed a strong matrix effect showing the need to use matrix matched calibration strategy. Method was validated, and good linearity (R > 0.99) was obtained for all pesticides studied with limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) ranging from 0.01 to 0.06 mg kg-1 and 0.03 to 0.2 mg kg-1, respectively. Recovery studies were performed at different levels (0.08, 0.10, 0.14, 0.20, 0.35 and 1.17 mg kg-1) and showed good results (between 70 and 120% with relative standard deviation (RSD) < 20%). A statistical test was applied to the coefficients of the analytical curves obtained in the sapodilla matrix. Analyses of commercial samples showed chlorpyrifos were detected in about 70 and 33% for fruit and pulps samples, respectively. It should be noted that chlorpyrifos is not permitted in sapodilla crops by ANVISA and EC guidelines.