Le dénigrement de l’autre par le biais de la langue. Une étude pilote dans le domaine du foot en France

This article presents an exploratory study that aims to link social sciences, linguistics and sport. Based on he group-focus enmity concept which focuses on existing depreciations among individuals due to their alleged affiliation to a specific social group, we ask how theses alleged social groups treated like entities are concretely devaluated by using words, especially in highly competitive fields like sport. Even this innovative oncept is a fundamentally open concept into which further elements can be integrated, we focus on 5 key elements: racism and xenophobia (1), anti-semitism (2), homophobia (3), sexism (4) and anti-capitalism (5). Even this article can only provide preliminary results it confirms our assumptions that there is a changing hierarchy among these 5 key elements due to an ongoing change of social norms and a very high variation of words, which proves on the one hand an increasing awareness due to various campaigns but on the other and it remains persistent.