Insalubrious touristic environments and schistosomiasis transmission in Pernambuco, Brazil

Abstract This study sought to identify and spatialize the risk of transmission of Manson’s schistosomiasis at localities in Pernambuco, Brazil that are used for tourist leisure activities and have freshwater environments that are inhabited by the snail that transmits this disease. In order to accomplish this, malacological surveys were conducted at the selected localities between May and December 2016, in order to identify and georeference the breeding sites and foci of schistosomiasis-transmitting mollusks of the genus Biomphalaria. The essential abiotic data for mollusk survival were evaluated at each breeding site: temperature, water pH and total dissolved solids (TDS). Data relating to breeding site quality were also recorded. The SPSS 20 software was used to analyze these data, and the chi-square test was applied to investigate associations between variables, taking a p-value ≤ 0.5. Based on geographic coordinates, maps representing the distribution of breeding sites and foci, mollusk species found and numbers of mollusks sampled in each water body were created. ArcGIS 10.4 software was used to build thematic maps using the interpolation technique of inverse distance weighting (IDW). A total of 72 localities distributed among 44 municipalities located in the Metropolitan, Zona da Mata and Agreste regions of Pernambuco were investigated. At these, 26 reservoirs, 32 breeding sites and 10 foci of schistosomiasis intermediate hosts were found. The study identified and located problematic localities that are visited by special groups that through exposure to unhealthy environments are subject to infection by the parasite S. mansoni.