Env mutations render Vif-null HIV-1 fully resistant to A3G.

(A) A schematic of the stepwise procedure used for virus adaptation to A3G. (B) Immunoblots of endogenous or stably expressed A3G or A3F in the indicated cell lines. Tubulin (TUB) is the loading control. (C) Schematic of the vif-null parental virus, the 3 independent A3G-adapted isolates, and the 3 molecular clones. Vertical bars depict fixed mutations, and a box depicts the vif deletion. The gp120 and gp41 regions of env are highlighted in blue and red. (D) Representative spreading infection data for the indicated viral molecular clones in SupT11 cells stably expressing a vector control, A3G, or A3F.