Electronic supplementary material - male, figure 3 from Life-history evolution in ants: the case of Cardiocondyla

Phylogeny of the ant genus Cardiocondyla and reconstruction of the most parsimonious ancestral male morphology in this genus (male polyphenism: black; only wingless males: green; unknown: hatched grey). For details see caption of figure 1. Several species, e.g., C. nr. atalanta, C. nuda and, in a few populations, C. kagutsuchi and C. venustula have males that combine the typical morphology of winged fighter males with vestigial wings.