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Direct Evidence of Concurrent Solid-Solution and Two-Phase Reactions and the Nonequilibrium Structural Evolution of LiFePO4
journal contribution
posted on 2012-05-09, 00:00 authored by Neeraj Sharma, Xianwei Guo, Guodong Du, Zaiping Guo, Jiazhou Wang, Zhaoxiang Wang, Vanessa K. PetersonLithium-ion batteries power many portable devices and
in the future
are likely to play a significant role in sustainable-energy systems
for transportation and the electrical grid. LiFePO4 is
a candidate cathode material for second-generation lithium-ion batteries,
bringing a high rate capability to this technology. LiFePO4 functions as a cathode where delithiation occurs via either a solid-solution
or a two-phase mechanism, the pathway taken being influenced by sample
preparation and electrochemical conditions. The details of the delithiation
pathway and the relationship between the two-phase and solid-solution
reactions remain controversial. Here we report, using real-time in
situ neutron powder diffraction, the simultaneous occurrence of solid-solution
and two-phase reactions after deep discharge in nonequilibrium conditions.
This work is an example of the experimental investigation of nonequilibrium
states in a commercially available LiFePO4 cathode and
reveals the concurrent occurrence of and transition between the solid-solution
and two-phase reactions.
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occurrencecandidate cathode materialsample preparationDirect EvidenceLiFePO 4Lithium batteries powerrate capabilityNonequilibrium Structural Evolutionnonequilibrium statesLiFePO 4electrochemical conditionsneutron powder diffractionLiFePO 4 cathodeLiFePO 4 functionsdelithiation pathwaynonequilibrium conditions
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