Defense-related gene expression decreased when SlMAPK1, SlMAPK2, SlMAPK3-silenced ‘Y19’ tomato plants were infected with TYLCV.

(A-E) The relative expression of the SA-mediated defense marker genes SlPR1 (A), SlPR1b (B) and the JA-mediated defense marker genes SlLapA (C), SlPI-I (D) and SlPI-II (E) at 14 dpi with TYLCV. Values are means ± standard error (SE), replicated thrice. The treatments were compared with the control using Tukey’s test. Different letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05.