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Cross-Linkable Gelatins with Superior Mechanical Properties Through Carboxylic Acid Modification: Increasing the Two-Photon Polymerization Potential
journal contribution
posted on 2017-08-29, 00:00 authored by Jasper Van Hoorick, Peter Gruber, Marica Markovic, Maximilian Tromayer, Jürgen Van Erps, Hugo Thienpont, Robert Liska, Aleksandr Ovsianikov, Peter Dubruel, Sandra Van VlierbergheThe
present work reports on the development of photo-cross-linkable
gelatins sufficiently versatile to overcome current biopolymer two-photon
polymerization (2PP) processing limitations. To this end, both the
primary amines as well as the carboxylic acids of gelatin type B were
functionalized with photo-cross-linkable moieties (up to 1 mmol/g)
resulting in superior and tunable mechanical properties (G′ from 5000 to 147000 Pa) enabling efficient 2PP processing.
The materials were characterized in depth prior to and after photoinduced
cross-linking using fully functionalized gelatin-methacrylamide (gel-MOD)
as a benchmark to assess the effect of functionalization on the protein
properties, cross-linking efficiency, and mechanical properties. In
addition, preliminary experiments on hydrogel films indicated excellent
in vitro biocompatibility (close to 100% viability) both in the presence
of MC3T3 preosteoblasts and L929 fibroblasts. Moreover, 2PP processing
of the novel derivative was superior in terms of applied laser power
(≥40 vs ≥60 mW for gel-MOD at 100 mm/s) as well as post-production
swelling (0–20% vs 75–100% for gel-MOD) compared to
those of gel-MOD. The reported novel gelatin derivative (gel-MOD-AEMA)
proves to be extremely suitable for direct laser writing as both superior
mimicry of the applied computer-aided design (CAD) was obtained while
maintaining the desired cellular interactivity of the biopolymer.
It can be anticipated that the present work will also be applicable
to alternative biopolymers mimicking the extracellular environment
such as collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans, thereby expanding
current material-related processing limitations in the tissue engineering
field.
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processing limitationsL 929 fibroblaststissue engineering fieldMC 3T preosteoblastsextracellular environment147000 Paphoto-cross-linkable gelatinswork reportsCross-Linkable Gelatinscarboxylic acidsgel-MODprotein propertieshydrogel filmsSuperior Mechanical Propertieslaserphotoinduced cross-linkingalternative biopolymers2 PP processingvsgelatin type BCADcross-linking efficiencyTwo-Photon Polymerizationnovel gelatinfunctionalized gelatin-methacrylamidephoto-cross-linkable moietiesmaterial-related processing limitations
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