An Overview of Autosomal Dominant Tumour Syndromes with Prominent Features in the Oral and Maxillofacial Region

Several autosomal dominant inherited tumor syndromes demonstrate prominent features in the oral and maxillofacial region. Although multiple organ systems are frequently involved, the target organs more commonly affected are the skin (nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, Brooke–Spiegler syndrome, Birt–Hogg–Dube syndrome and Muir–Torre syndrome), gastrointestinal tract (Peutz–Jegher syndrome and Gardner syndrome) or endocrine system (multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b and hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome). In some syndromes, the disease is multisystem with skin index lesions presenting in the head and neck (Cowden syndrome and tuberous sclerosis complex). The pertinent features of these syndromes are reviewed with a systems-based approach, emphasizing their clinical impact and diagnosis.