Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Participants.
Values are mean ± SD unless otherwise noted. HC: healthy controls, BD: patients with bipolar disorder,
SES = socioeconomic status, YMRS = Young Mania Rating Scale, SIGH-D = Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.
Patients with BD were administered the following medications : N = 2 lithium & valproate; N = 1 lithium, quetiapine & zotepine; N = 1 lithium & quetiapine; N = 1 quetiapine, amoxapine & paroxetine; N = 1 valproate, amoxapine, trazodone & paroxetine; N = 1 valproate & quetiapine, N = 1 quetiapine & paroxetine; N = 1 lithium, valproate, quetiapine & amitriptyline; N = 1 valproate & trazodone; N = 1 lithium, valproate, olanzapine & risperidone; N = 1 valproate & quetiapine; N = 1 lithium, valproate & quetiapine; N = 1 lithium, quetiapine & levomepromazine.