Supplementary metarials

This study examines the relationship between dengue cases, mosquito populations, and temperature in Melaka, Malaysia, from 2020 to 2022 using a multivariate time series approach. The findings reveal a significant long-term connection between dengue cases and mosquito indices, specifically the ovitrap index (OI) and sticky ovitrap index (SOI), as well as temperature. In the short term, past dengue cases show a cyclical pattern, meaning previous outbreaks can help predict future surges. Interestingly, higher temperatures were associated with fewer dengue cases over time. The study also confirms that sticky ovitraps are effective for monitoring adult Aedes mosquitoes, reinforcing their role in dengue surveillance and control programs. Overall, this research highlights the importance of integrating mosquito surveillance tools with climate analysis to improve dengue prediction and prevention strategies.