Properly declaring conflicts of Interest (COI) is essential to assessing potential bias in scholarly articles. Authors have an ethical obligation to transparently disclose their involvement in research to avoid misleading COI statements. This study presents a comprehensive analysis to identify and categorise how authors declare their conflicts of interest in academic articles.
Furthermore, the Retraction Watch data is used in tandem with the findings from above research to analyse the correlation between reported COI statements and the reason of retraction being COI.