Appendix C. Results of generalized least-square and spatial generalized least-square models for species richness of each group of butterfly species.
TABLE C1. Coefficients of the multiple regression (b ± SE) and associated t test for all dependent variables against environmental and habitat factors, according to generalised least-squares (GLS) and spatial generalised least-square (SGLS) models. In the SGLS, spatial structure was incorporated into the model by defining the covariance between pairs of squares as a Gaussian function of geographical distance.
GLS |
SGLS |
||||
Factor |
b ± SE |
t |
b ± SE |
t |
|
Habitat generalists |
|||||
AET/PET |
1.06 ± 0.31 |
3.45** |
0.21 ± 0.40 |
0.54 |
|
TJAN |
-0.70 ± 0.06 |
-11.77*** |
-0.49 ± 0.07 |
-7.60*** |
|
GDD5 |
1.95 ± 0.10 |
18.81*** |
1.59 ± 0.12 |
13.83*** |
|
Habitat diversity |
-0.11 ± 0.09 |
-1.18 |
0.06 ± 0.10 |
-0.58 |
|
Host-plant richness |
0.43 ± 0.05 |
8.08*** |
0.46 ± 0.06 |
8.29*** |
|
COAST |
-0.03 ± 0.01 |
-5.43*** |
-0.02 ± 0.005 |
-4.59*** |
|
Habitat specialists |
|||||
AET/PET |
-0.33 ± 1.18 |
-0.27 |
-0.24 ± 1.45 |
-0.17 |
|
TJAN |
0.35 ± 0.23 |
1.54 |
0.33 ± 0.23 |
1.48 |
|
GDD5 |
-0.04 ± 0.40 |
-0.10 |
-0.14 ± 0.40 |
-0.34 |
|
Habitat diversity |
2.28 ± 0.35 |
6.58*** |
1.21 ± 0.32 |
3.76*** |
|
Host-plant richness |
1.61 ± 0.21 |
7.73*** |
1.63 ± 0.18 |
8.98*** |
|
COAST |
-0.04 ± 0.02 |
-1.67 |
-0.03 ± 0.02 |
-1.47 |
|
All species |
|||||
AET/PET |
0.73±0.41 |
1.77 |
-0.09±0.51 |
1.66 |
|
TJAN |
-0.51±0.08 |
-6.37*** |
-0.30±0.08 |
-3.59** |
|
GDD5 |
1.61±0.14 |
11.60*** |
1.21±0.14 |
11.57*** |
|
Habitat diversity |
0.48±0.12 |
3.96** |
0.36±0.12 |
3.03** |
|
Host-plant richness |
0.70±0.07 |
9.73*** |
0.73±0.07 |
10.69*** |
|
COAST |
-0.03±0.007 |
-4.06** |
-0.02±0.006 |
-3.77** |
|