Ecological Archives E088-039-A3

Rosa Menéndez, Adela González-Megías, Yvonne Collingham, Richard Fox, David B. Roy, Ralf Ohlemüller, and Chris D. Thomas. 2007. Direct and indirect effects of climate and habitat factors on butterfly diversity. Ecology 88:605–611.

Appendix C. Results of generalized least-square and spatial generalized least-square models for species richness of each group of butterfly species.

TABLE C1. Coefficients of the multiple regression (b ± SE) and associated t test for all dependent variables against environmental and habitat factors, according to generalised least-squares (GLS) and spatial generalised least-square (SGLS) models. In the SGLS, spatial structure was incorporated into the model by defining the covariance between pairs of squares as a Gaussian function of geographical distance.

 

GLS

 

SGLS

  Factor

b ± SE

t

 

b ± SE

t

           

Habitat generalists

         

AET/PET

1.06 ± 0.31

3.45**

 

0.21 ± 0.40

0.54

TJAN

-0.70 ± 0.06

-11.77***

 

-0.49 ± 0.07

-7.60***

GDD5

1.95 ± 0.10

18.81***

 

1.59 ± 0.12

13.83***

Habitat diversity

-0.11 ± 0.09

-1.18

 

0.06 ± 0.10

-0.58

Host-plant richness

0.43 ± 0.05

8.08***

 

0.46 ± 0.06

8.29***

COAST

-0.03 ± 0.01

-5.43***

 

-0.02 ± 0.005

-4.59***

           

Habitat specialists

         

AET/PET

-0.33 ± 1.18

-0.27

 

-0.24 ± 1.45

-0.17

TJAN

0.35 ± 0.23

1.54

 

0.33 ± 0.23

1.48

GDD5

-0.04 ± 0.40

-0.10

 

-0.14 ± 0.40

-0.34

Habitat diversity

2.28 ± 0.35

6.58***

 

1.21 ± 0.32

3.76***

Host-plant richness

1.61 ± 0.21

7.73***

 

1.63 ± 0.18

8.98***

COAST

-0.04 ± 0.02

-1.67

 

-0.03 ± 0.02

-1.47

           

All species

         

AET/PET

0.73±0.41

1.77

 

-0.09±0.51

1.66

TJAN

-0.51±0.08

-6.37***

 

-0.30±0.08

-3.59**

GDD5

1.61±0.14

11.60***

 

1.21±0.14

11.57***

Habitat diversity

0.48±0.12

3.96**

 

0.36±0.12

3.03**

Host-plant richness

0.70±0.07

9.73***

 

0.73±0.07

10.69***

COAST

-0.03±0.007

-4.06**

 

-0.02±0.006

-3.77**

           


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