This README.txt file was generated on 15 July, 2021 by Clinton D Francis. ------------------- GENERAL INFORMATION ------------------- 1. Title of Dataset: F&W_EcosphereMTEData.csv 2. Author Information Author Contact Information Name: Clinton D. Francis Institution: California Polytechnic State University Address: 1 Grand Ave, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA Email: cfranci@calpoly.edu Name: Matthew R. Wilkins Institution: Galactic Polymath Education Studio Address: 818 Glen Ave, Nashvillle, TN 37204 USA Email: m.r.wilkins06@gmail.com --------------------- DATA & FILE OVERVIEW --------------------- Short description: Full data supporting Francis CD & Wilkins MR (2021) Testing the Strength and Direction of Selection on Vocal Frequency Using Metabolic Scaling Theory. Ecosphere 10.1002/ecs2.3733. ---------------- DATA DESCRIPTION ---------------- 1. Number of variables: 19 2. Number of cases/rows: 795 3. Variable list and description a) Taxon: Species names in Genus species form following taxonomy used in Jetz et al. (2012). b) family: Avian family as in Jetz et al. (2012). c) order: Avian order as in Jetz et al. (2012). d) pk_freq: peak frequency (frequency with the most acoustic energy) of vocalizations in kilohertz. Data gathered from (Tubaro and Mahler 1998, Bertelli and Tubaro 2002, Rheindt 2003, Tubaro and Lijtmaer 2006, Hu and Cardoso 2009, Luther 2009, Cardoso 2010, Goodwin and Shriver 2010, Tobias et al. 2010, Francis et al. 2011). Data for several tinamou species in Bertelli and Tubaro (2002) and for Cygnus olor in (Hu and Cardoso 2009) were identified as spurious and replaced with new measurements from recordings available on Xeno-Canto.org. See appendix of Francis and Wilkins for details. e) body_mass: Mass of birds in grams from Dunning (2008). f) Dichr: Sum of dichromatism scores for each body region (g through k) using method from Owens and Bennett (1994). g) Head: dichromatism score for Head (0=no sex difference; 1= difference in shade or intensity; 2= difference in color or pattern). h) Nape, back, rump: dichromatism score for nape, back and rump region (scores as for g "head"). i) Throat, chest, belly: dichromatism score for throat, chest and belly region (scores as for g "head"). j) Wings: dichromatism score for wings (scores as for g "head"). k) Tail: dichromatism score for tail (scores as for g "head"). l) Dichro_Comments: comments regarding dichromatism scores. m) PercEPP: percent of nests ina population with extra-pair young from Botero and Rubenstein (2012) and Liker et al. (2014). n) SongRepSize: Number of songs in song repertoire from Read and Weary (1992) and Medina and Francis (2012). o) MaxLat: Maximum breeding latitude (decimal degrees) of each species’ breeding range (migratory species) or resident range (nonmigratory species) from BirdLife International (2011) shapefiles. p) MinLat: Minimum breeding latitude (decimal degrees) of each species’ breeding range (migratory species) or resident range (nonmigratory species) from BirdLife International (2011) shapefiles. q) MidLat: Midpoint between maximum and minimum latitude (decimal degrees) of each species’ breeding range (migratory species) or resident range (nonmigratory species) from BirdLife International shapefiles. r) VegCat: Classification of species to "forest" or "non-forest" environments by descriptions in the Handbook of Birds of the World (Del Hoyo et al. 2013). s) Synonym: Genus species names encountered in source data that differ from taxonomy used in this study. ---------------- REFERENCES ---------------- Bertelli, S., and P. L. Tubaro. 2002. Body mass and habitat correlates of song structure in a primitive group of birds. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 77: 423–430. Bird Life International. 2018. Bird species distribution maps of the world. https://www.birdlife.org Botero, C. A., and D. R. Rubenstein. 2012. Fluctuating environments, sexual selection and the evolution of flexible mate choice in birds. PLoS One. 7: e32311. Cardoso, G. C. 2010. Loudness of birdsong is related to the body size, syntax and phonology of passerine species. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 23: 212–219. Dunning, J. B. 2008. CRC handbook of avian body masses. CRC press. del Hoyo, J., A. Elliot, J. Sargatal, D. Christie, and E. de Juana. 2013. Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Barcelona: Lynx Editions. Francis, C. D., C. P. Ortega, and A. Cruz. 2011. Noise pollution filters bird communities based on vocal frequency. PloS ONE 6: e27057. Goodwin, S. E., and W. G. Shriver. 2010. Effects of traffic noise on occupancy patterns of forest birds. Conservation Biology 25: 406–411. Hu, Y., and G. C. Cardoso. 2009. Are bird species that vocalize at higher frequencies preadapted to inhabit noisy urban areas? Behavioral Ecology 20: 1268–1273. Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann, and A. O. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448. Liker, A., R. P. Freckleton, and T. Székely. 2014. Divorce and infidelity are associated with skewed adult sex ratios in birds. Current Biology 24: 880–884. Luther, D. 2009. The influence of the acoustic community on songs of birds in a neotropical rain forest. Behavioral Ecology 20: 864–871. Medina, I., and C. D. Francis. 2012. Environmental variability and acoustic signals: a multi-level approach in songbirds. Biology Letters 8: 928–931. Owens, I. P. F., and P. M. Bennett. 1994. Mortality costs of parental care and sexual dimorphism in birds. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B 257: 1–8. Read, A. F., and D. M. Weary DM. 1992. The evolution of bird song: comparative analyses. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series B 338:165–187. Rheindt, F. E. 2003. The impact of roads on birds: Does song frequency play a role in determining susceptibility to noise pollution? Journal for Ornithology 144: 295–306. Tobias, J. A., J. Aben, R. T. Brumfield, E. P. Derryberry, W. Halfwerk, H. Slabbekoorn, and N. Seddon. 2010. Song divergence by sensory drive in Amazonian birds. Evolution 64: 2820–39. Tubaro, P. L., and D. A. Lijtmaer. 2006. Environmental correlates of song structure in forest grosbeaks and saltators. Condor 108: 120–129. Tubaro, P. L., and B. Mahler. 1998. Acoustic frequencies and body mass in New World doves. Condor 100: 54–61.