Table
2B: Definitions of variables in the Nodes data sheet |
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Column
Number |
Column Header |
Variable |
Variable Description |
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1 |
Node ID |
nominal numeric |
The unordered nominal node
specific ID number of the discrete species lifecycle stage. |
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2 |
Species ID |
nominal numeric |
The unordered Species ID number.
This is independent of Node ID number and is consistent across nodes
depicting different lifecycle stages of the same species. If one wishes to
combine across life stages they can substitute this number for the Node ID in
analyses. |
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3 |
Stage ID |
nominal numeric |
The ordinal Stage ID number
within species. Adult lifecycle stages are designated as 1. The youngest
lifecycle stage is then 2, next youngest 3, etc. Each number corresponds to a
particular lifecycle stage that is consistent within a group but not between
them (e.g. for trematodes 2 = parthenitae, but for dipterans 2 = larvae). Not
all of a species' lifecycle stages are necessarily present a particular food
web. |
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4 |
Stage |
nominal enumerated |
Note, "adult" includes
juveniles (prereproductives) for species with no metamorphosis separating the
two. |
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5 |
SpSt ID |
nominal numeric |
The unique nominal numeric code
for a node that combines Species ID and Stage ID, which are separated by a
decimal point. |
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6 |
Working Name |
nominal |
A working name for each node
that is intended to be informative and useful. When available, widely used
common names were employed. If no common name exists then a species name was
used. If no species name was available, then a working or descriptive name
was employed. |
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7 |
Group |
Acanthocephalan |
Includes all Acanthocephala |
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7 |
Group |
Amphipod |
Includes all Amphipoda |
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7 |
Group |
Annelid |
Includes all Polychaete and
Oligochaete, but not Hirudinea. |
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7 |
Group |
Anthozoan |
Includes all Anthozoa |
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7 |
Group |
Asteroid |
Includes all sea stars, but not
brittlestars |
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7 |
Group |
Bacteria |
Includes all free-living
bacteria |
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7 |
Group |
Barnacle |
Includes symbiotic and
free-living Cirripedia |
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7 |
Group |
Bird |
Includes all Aves |
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7 |
Group |
Bivalve |
Includes all Bivalvia |
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7 |
Group |
Byrozoan |
Includes all Bryozoa |
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7 |
Group |
Cestode |
Includes all tapeworms |
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7 |
Group |
Copepod |
Includes only parasitic copepods |
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7 |
Group |
Crab |
Includes all Brachyura |
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7 |
Group |
Cumacean |
Includes all Cumacea |
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7 |
Group |
Detritus |
Includes all detritus and
carrion. |
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7 |
Group |
Fish |
Includes all low movement
resident fishes |
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7 |
Group |
Fish |
Includes all moderately mobile
resident fishes |
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7 |
Group |
Fish |
Includes all highly mobile
resident fishes |
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7 |
Group |
Fish |
Includes all migratory fishes |
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7 |
Group |
Hermit Crab |
Includes all Paguroidea |
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7 |
Group |
Isopod |
Includes all Isopoda |
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7 |
Group |
Mammal |
Includes all Mammalia |
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7 |
Group |
Meiofauna |
An aggregated assemblage that
includes benthos between 1mm and 0.03 mm in body size, that are not broken
out elsewhere (e.g. loriciferans, kinorhynchs and gnathostomulids). |
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7 |
Group |
Nematode |
Includes only parasitic
Nematodes |
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7 |
Group |
Nemertean |
Includes all Nemertea |
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7 |
Group |
Plant |
Includes all photosynthesizers
(phytoplankton, microphytobenthos, plants, algae) and parasitic plants. |
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7 |
Group |
Shrimp |
Includes all non-burrowing
shrimp |
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7 |
Group |
Snail |
Includes all Gastropoda |
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7 |
Group |
Trematode |
Includes all Digenetic
trematodes |
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7 |
Group |
Trematode |
Includes all Digenetic
trematodes |
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7 |
Group |
Tunicate |
Includes all Ascidacea |
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7 |
Group |
Zooplankton |
An aggregated assembalge that
includes all heterotrophic planktonic organisms (holoplankton and
meroplankton) not broken out elsewhere |
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8 |
Node Type |
Detritus/Stock |
The node is a non-living
resource stock. Examples: carrion, nitrate. |
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8 |
Node Type |
Organism Parts |
Node refers to a specific edible
portion or part of an organism. Examples: the leaves,
fruit or roots of a tree. |
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8 |
Node Type |
Taxon |
The node is resolved to a
recognized taxonomic level (generally species) but has not been broken into
discrete lifecycle stages. Examples: birds, fish. |
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8 |
Node Type |
Common Name |
The node is resolved to a
commonly recognized ecologically functional group that does not share a
common taxonomic affiliation. Examples: zooplankton,
meiofauna, etc. |
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8 |
Node Type |
Lifecycle Stage |
A species has been broken into
lifecycle stages, each of which is a discrete node.
Example: Blue Mussel adult =Node 90, while Blue Mussel larvae = Node 106. |
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9 |
Resolution |
nominal |
The lowest taxonomic level to
which a Node has been identified.
A node does not have to be keyed out to a specific epithet to be
treated as a discrete species.
Higher taxonomic classifications denote higher aggregation in species
in a node. |
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10 |
Resolution Notes |
nominal |
Any notes on node resolution. Example: whether or not a node described as a discrete
species is actually suspected of being a cryptic species assemblage. |
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11 |
Feeding |
Feeding |
The node represents a consumer
in the web. |
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11 |
Feeding |
Non-Feeding |
The respective node does not
represent a consumer in the web. This designation applies to detritus,
non-parasitic plants and non-feeding metazoan life stages.
Example: cercariae. |
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11 |
Feeding |
Autotroph |
The node converts simple
inorganic molecules into complex organic molecules through photosynthesis or
chemosynthesis. |
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12 |
Lifestyle Stage |
Free-Living |
The node does NOT have a
symbiotic relationship with another species. |
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12 |
Lifestyle Stage |
Infectious |
The node has an obligate
parasitic symbiosis with another species. |
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12 |
Lifestyle Stage |
Commensal |
The node has a non-trophic
symbiosis with another species, usually using the host organism as habitat. Example: trematode metacercariae encysted on a crab carapace. |
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12 |
Lifestyle Stage |
Mutualist |
The node has a symbiosis with
another organism where, on average the fitness of the individuals involved in
the symbiosis is greater, than if each is not in the symbiotic relationship. |
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13 |
Lifestyle Species |
Free-Living |
The species does NOT have a
symbiotic relationship with another species. |
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13 |
Lifestyle Species |
Infectious |
The species has an obligate
parasitic symbiosis with another species. |
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13 |
Lifestyle Species |
Commensal |
The species has a non-trophic
symbiosis with another species, usually using the host organism as habitat. Example: trematode metacercariae encysted on a crab carapace. |
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13 |
Lifestyle Species |
Mutualist |
The species has a symbiosis with
another organism where, on average the fitness of the individuals involved in
the symbiosis is greater, than if each is not in the symbiotic relationship. |
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14 |
Consumer Strategy Stage |
Autotroph |
A individual that converts
simple inorganic molecules into complex organic molecules through
photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. |
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14 |
Consumer Strategy Stage |
Predator |
A consumer individual that,
within a single lifecycle stage, kills and consumes more than one individual
of its prey (resource) species. By killing a resource individual, the
individual predator reduces the resource individual's fitness to zero in an
intensity-independent manner. Examples: snakes, warblers, clams. |
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14 |
Consumer Strategy Stage |
Social Predator |
A consumer individual that
cooperates with one or more conspecifics to kill and consume a single
individual of the prey species. Examples: wolves, army ants. |
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14 |
Consumer Strategy Stage |
Micropredator |
A consumer individual that,
within a single lifecycle stage, feeds on more than one individual host
resource but does not kill that resource individual. Damage to the resource
is intensity-dependent, the more micropredators feeding on a resource
individual the greater the resource's loss of fitness. Examples: mosquitoes,
leafhoppers, most butterfly fishes. Micropredators can be important vectors
for pathogens. |
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14 |
Consumer Strategy Stage |
Parasitic Castrator |
A consumer individual blocks the
reproduction of its individual host. Thus, while they reduce host fitness to
zero, parasitic castrators do not kill their host and often do not reduce the
ability of the host to survive. The effect on the host is intensity-independent,
in that there is no additive reproductive effect of additional parasitic
castrators on the host. Examples: digenean trematodes in first intermediate
molluscan hosts, bopyrid isopods, rhizocephalan barnacles, most Strepsiptera. |
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14 |
Consumer Strategy Stage |
Pathogen |
A consumer individual that
infects an individual host and then multiplies within that host. Death of the
host will ensue unless the infection is limited by host defensive mechanisms
or external forces (e.g. other consumers). The effects are intensity-independent,
as the outcome may result from a single infectious agent (or inoculum). These
consumers are appropriately modeled using microparasite models (Anderson and
May, 1979). Examples: smallpox, diphtheria, malaria, lice, scale insects,
Gyrodactylus spp. |
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14 |
Consumer Strategy Stage |
Macroparasite |
A consumer individual that
infects an individual host, does not cause the death of its host and does not
reduce the fitness of its host to zero. Also it cannot be trophically
transmissible to other hosts. Impact on the host is intensity-dependent, These consumers are appropriately modeled using macroparasite
models (May and Anderson, 1979). Examples: adult cestodes, Ichthyopthirius
ciliates, corn borers, whip worms, fleas and most parasitic copepods. |
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14 |
Consumer Strategy Stage |
Pollinator |
A consumer individual that
facilitates the fertilization of a resource individual. The consumer serially
interacts with numerous resource individuals and this distinguishes it from
symbiotic (durable) mutualisms. Examples: bees, hummingbirds. |
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14 |
Consumer Strategy Stage |
Parasitoid |
A consumer individual that kills
only a single host individual. Its impact on the host is
intensity-independent. Examples: parasitoid wasps, bacteriophages, bruchid
beetle larvae in seeds, insect iridoviruses, pasteurella viruses,
nematomorphs. If the host is an adult, reproduction ceases before host death. |
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14 |
Consumer Strategy Stage |
Trophically Transmitted Parasitic
Castrator |
An infectious consumer
individual that blocks host reproduction and requires that its host to be
consumed by an appropriate predator host in order to complete its lifecycle.
Trophically transmitted parasitic castrators often modify host to increase
trophic transmission to the predator host Examples: Schistocephalus tapeworm pleroceroid larvae, some microphallid trematode
metacercariae in molluscan hosts. |
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14 |
Consumer Strategy Stage |
Trophically Transmitted Pathogen |
An infectious consumer
individual that multiplies within a host and requires that the host be
consumed by an appropriate predator host to complete its lifecycle.
Trophically transmitted pathogens often modify host behavior to increase
trophic transmission to the predator host. Examples: multilocular hydatid
tapeworm cysts, Toxoplasma merozoites. |
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14 |
Consumer Strategy Stage |
Trophically Transmitted Parasite |
An infectious consumer that to
complete its life cycle requires that its host be consumed by an appropriate
predator host. Its effect on the prey host is intensity-dependent. They often
modify host behavior to increase trophic transmission to the predator host.
Examples: most larval tapeworms, most trematode metacercariae, Guinea worms. |
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14 |
Consumer Strategy Stage |
Trophically Transmitted Commensal |
The symbiont that does not have
a trophic interaction with its host but in order to complete its life cycle,
the symbiont requires that a predator or micropredator consume its host. In
order for the trophic transmission to be successful, the predator or micropredator
that consumes the symbiont's host must in turn be a viable host for the
symbiont. |
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14 |
Consumer Strategy Stage |
Detritivore |
A consumer individual that feeds
on or breaks down dead animal and plant matter. Examples: many fungi, dung
beetles, vultures. |
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14 |
Consumer Strategy Stage |
Symbiotic Mutual |
A symbiont with a positive
interaction with its host. Example: hermatypic corals and zooxanthellae. |
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14 |
Consumer Strategy Stage |
Facultative Micropredation |
The outcome of a feeding
interaction of a facultative micropredator depends on the relative size of
the prey or host individual. On a large host the consumer is a micropredator,
but on a small prey the consumer is a predator. The relative sizes determining
feeding outcomes are system specific (e.g. vampire bats, lampreys, fang
blennies). Related terms used in system and taxon-specific contexts include
browser, grazer and sublethal predator. |
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15 |
System |
nominal |
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16 |
Habitat Affiliation |
nominal |
An unordered enumerated
characterization of the habitat zone or type where the organism is found.
Example: a bivalve may be in the soft-sediment or benthos. |
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17 |
Mobility |
Low |
These are generally small
benthic invertebrates and small demersal fishes that donŐt have large ranges
within the system, and likely remain in the system. |
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17 |
Mobility |
Intermediate |
These are vagile individuals
that likely remain in the system. Example: killifish. |
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17 |
Mobility |
High |
These are vagile individuals
that likely move outside of the system, and thus have trophic links occuring
outside the systems. Example: willets. |
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18 |
Residency |
Resident |
These are species whose
distribution does not vary appreciably throughout the year. Though they might leave a particular
habitat type seasonally, individuals do not shift their geographic region
seasonally. |
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18 |
Residency |
Migrant |
These are species whose
distribution varies appreciably throughout the year.
Example: leaving to breed in a different geographic region for a particular
period of the year. |
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19 |
Native |
Native |
Any organism assumed to have
arrived, established and survived in the system without the direct or
indirect aid of modern humans. |
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19 |
Native |
Non-Native |
An organism that was introduced
to the system as an indirect or direct result of anthropogenic activity. |
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20 |
Body Size |
continuous numeric |
Weight in grams measured
directly or estimated |
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21 |
Body Size Estimation |
nomial |
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22 |
Body Size Notes |
nomial |
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23 |
Body Size N |
integer |
Count used to estimate average
body size |
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24 |
Biomass |
continuous numeric |
Product of count density
(individuals per ha) and body size. |
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25 |
Biomass Estimation |
nominal |
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26 |
Biomass Notes |
nominal |
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27 |
Kingdom |
nominal |
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28 |
Phylum |
nominal |
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29 |
Subphylum |
nominal |
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30 |
Superclass |
nominal |
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31 |
Class |
nominal |
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32 |
Subclass |
nominal |
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33 |
Order |
nominal |
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34 |
Suborder |
nominal |
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35 |
Infraorder |
nominal |
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36 |
Superfamily |
nominal |
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37 |
Family |
nominal |
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38 |
Genus |
nominal |
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39 |
Specific Epithet |
nominal |
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40 |
Subspecies |
nominal |
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41 |
Node Notes |
nominal |
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