Matthew C. Fitzpatrick, Evan L. Preisser, Adam Porter, Joseph Elkinton, and Aaron M. Ellison. 2012. Modeling range dynamics in heterogeneous landscapes: invasion of the hemlock woolly adelgid in eastern North America. Ecological Applications 22:472–486.

Appendix G. Animation of spatiotemporal changes in hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) population size.

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FIG. G1. Animated figure showing simulated spatiotemporal changes in the size of HWA populations for nine time periods between 1951–2008 and averaged over 1000 simulations of range expansion initiated in Richmond, Virginia. Hemlock stands not predicted to become infested in any of the 1000 simulations are shown in white. Black regions do not contain hemlock