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Supplementary material from "Reusable building blocks in biological systems"

Posted on 2018-12-05 - 11:20
One of the widely recognized features of biological systems is their modularity. The modules that comprise biological systems are said to be redeployed and combined across several conditions, thus acting as building blocks. In this work, we analyse to what extent are these building blocks reusable as compared to those found in randomized versions of a system. We develop a notion of decompositions of systems into Phenotypic Building Blocks, which allows for them to overlap while maximizing the number of times a building block is reused across several conditions. Different biological systems present building blocks whose reusability ranges from single-use (e.g. condition specific) to constitutive, although their average reusability is not always higher than random equivalents of the system. These decompositions reveal a distinct distribution of building block sizes in real biological systems. This distribution stems, in part, from the peculiar usage pattern of the elements of biological systems, and constitutes a new angle to study the evolution of modularity.

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