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Supplementary material from "Interplay between cost and effectiveness in influenza vaccine uptake: a vaccination game approach"

Posted on 2019-12-03 - 07:18
Pre-emptive vaccination is regarded as one of the most protective measures to control influenza outbreak. There are mainly two types of influenza viruses—influenza A and B with several subtypes—that are commonly found to circulate among humans. The traditional trivalent (TIV) flu vaccine targets two strains of influenza A and one strain of influenza B. The quadrivalent (QIV) vaccine targets one extra B virus strain that ensures better protection against influenza, however, the use of QIV vaccine can be costly, hence impose an extra financial burden to the society. This scenario might create a dilemma in choosing vaccine types at the individual level. This article endeavours to explain such dilemma through the framework of vaccination game, where individuals can opt one of the three options: choose either of QIV and TIV vaccine or none. Our approach presumes a mean-field framework of vaccination game in an infinite and well-mixed population, entangling the disease spreading process of influenza with the coevolution of two types vaccination decision-making process taking place before an epidemic season. We conduct a series of numerical simulations as an attempt to illustrate different scenarios. The framework has been validated by the so-called multi-agent simulation (MAS) approach.

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